Compare Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2002) - San Marino (2004)

Compare Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2002) z San Marino (2004)

	Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of (2002)	San Marino (2004)

Administrative divisions	123 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aracinovo, Bac, Belcista, Berovo, Bistrica, Bitola, Blatec, Bogdanci, Bogomila, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Cair (Skopje), Capari, Caska, Cegrane, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer-Sandevo, Debar, Delcevo, Delogozdi, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dobrusevo, Dolna Banjica, Dolneni, Dorce Petrov (Skopje), Drugovo, Dzepciste, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Izvor, Jegunovce, Kamenjane, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Klecevce, Kocani, Konce, Kondovo, Konopiste, Kosel, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kuklis, Kukurecani, Kumanovo, Labunista, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Lukovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovi Anovi, Meseista, Miravci, Mogila, Murtino, Negotino, Negotino-Polosko, Novaci, Novo Selo, Oblesevo, Ohrid, Orasac, Orizari, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Podares, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Rostusa, Samokov, Saraj, Sipkovica, Sopiste, Sopotnica, Srbinovo, Star Dojran, Staravina, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Topolcani, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Velesta, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vitoliste, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Vratnica, Vrutok, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zeleno, Zitose, Zletovo, Zrnovci note: the seven municipalities followed by Skopje in parentheses collectively constitute "greater Skopje"	9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Age structure	0-14 years: 22.4% (male 239,638; female 221,446) 15-64 years: 67.2% (male 694,368; female 686,450) 65 years and over: 10.4% (male 94,214; female 118,684) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 16.5% (male 2,425; female 2,277) 15-64 years: 66.8% (male 9,200; female 9,834) 65 years and over: 16.7% (male 2,059; female 2,708) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton	wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports	17 (2001)	none (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 under 914 m: 8 (2002)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 4 (2002)	-
Area	total: 25,333 sq km land: 24,856 sq km water: 477 sq km	total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Vermont	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	International recognition of The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's (F.Y.R.O.M.) independence from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols. Greece finally lifted its trade blockade in 1995, and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, despite continued disagreement over F.Y.R.O.M.'s use of "Macedonia." F.Y.R.O.M.'s large Albanian minority, an ethnic Albanian armed insurgency in F.Y.R.O.M. in 2001, and the status of neighboring Kosovo continue to be sources of ethnic tension.	The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate	13.35 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	10.31 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $850 million expenditures: $950 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)	revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Capital	Skopje	San Marino
Climate	warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall	Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991 note: the Macedonian Parliament approved November 2001 a series of new constitutional amendments, strengthening minority rights	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name	conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: none local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija abbreviation: F.Y.R.O.M.	conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
Currency	Macedonian denar (MKD)	euro (EUR)
Death rate	7.74 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	7.96 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$1.3 billion (2001 est.)	NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Laurence Edward BUTLER embassy: bul. Ilinden bb, 1000 Skopje mailing address: American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch) telephone: [389] (02) 116-180 FAX: [389] (02) 117-103	the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Nikola DIMITROV chancery: Suite 302, 1101 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 337-3063 FAX: [1] (202) 337-3093 consulate(s) general: New York	San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu
Disputes - international	dispute with Greece over country's name persists; 2001 FYROM-Yugoslavia boundary delimitation agreement, which adjusts former republic boundaries, was signed and ratified and awaits demarcation; ethnic Albanians in Kosovo dispute legitimacy of the agreement, which cedes small tracts of Kosovo lands to FYROM	none
Economic aid - recipient	$150 million (2001 est.)	NA
Economy - overview	At independence in November 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on Yugoslavia, one of its largest markets, and a Greek economic embargo over a dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP subsequently rose each year through 2000. However, the leadership's commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank 4.6% because of decreased trade, intermittent border closures, increased deficit spending on security needs, and investor uncertainty. Growth recovered moderately in 2002 but unemployment at one-third of the workforce remained a critical problem.	The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity - consumption	5.992 billion kWh (1999)	-
Electricity - exports	30 million kWh (1999)	-
Electricity - imports	75 million kWh (1999)	-
Electricity - production	6.395 billion kWh (1999)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 82% hydro: 18% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Vardar River 50 m highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,753 m	lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues	air pollution from metallurgical plants	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups	Macedonian 66.6%, Albanian 22.7%, Turkish 4%, Roma 2.2%, Serb 2.1%, other 2.4% (1994)	Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates	Macedonian denars per US dollar - 64.757 (January 2001), 65.904 (2000), 56.902 (1999), 54.462 (1998), 50.004 (1997)	euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Boris TRAJKOVSKI (since 15 December 1999) head of government: Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 1 November 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - current cabinet formed by the government coalition parties VMRO-DPMNE, PDP, and DPA elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); prime minister elected by the Assembly; election last held NA October 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: Boris TRAJKOVSKI elected president on second-round ballot; percent of vote - Boris TRAJKOVSKI 52.4%, Tito PETKOVSKI 46.2%; Branko CRVENKOVSKI elected prime minister by Parliament with 72% of the vote	chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giuseppe ARZILLI and Captain Regent Roberto RASCHI (for the period 1 October 2004-31 March 2005) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2004 (next to be held March 2005); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general elections are scheduled) election results: Giuseppe ARZILLI and Roberto RASCHI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA% note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Exports	$1 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities	food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and steel	building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Exports - partners	Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) 23.1%, Germany 20.6%, Greece 8.8%, Italy 8.6%, US 7.7% (2001)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	a rising yellow sun with eight rays extending to the edges of the red field	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $10 billion (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 11% industry: 31% services: 58% (2001 est.)	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3.8% (2002 est.)	7.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	41 50 N, 22 00 E	43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note	landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe	landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Highways	total: 8,684 km paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways) unpaved: 3,144 km (1997)	total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; while money laundering is a problem on a local level due to organized crime activities, the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center	-
Imports	$1.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; food products	wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Imports - partners	Germany 12.6%, Greece 10.9%, Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) 9.3%, Russia 8.3%, Slovenia 7.0% (2000)	-
Independence	8 September 1991 referendum by registered voters endorsing independence (from Yugoslavia)	3 September 301
Industrial production growth rate	-5% (2002 est.)	6% (1997 est.)
Industries	coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses	tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate	12.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 5.85 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.28 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4% (2002 est.)	3.3% (2001)
International organization participation	ACCT, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)	CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	6 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	550 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court - Parliament appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - Parliament appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - Parliament appoints the judges	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force	1.1 million (2000 est.)	18,500 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%	agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 766 km border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km	total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use	arable land: 23.59% permanent crops: 1.85% other: 74.56% (1998 est.)	arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2001)
Languages	Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%	Italian
Legal system	based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts	based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Assembly or Sobranje (120 seats - 85 members are elected by popular vote, 35 members come from lists of candidates submitted by parties based on the percentage that a party gains from the overall vote; all serve four-year terms) elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Together for Macedonia coalition 60, VMRO-DPMNE 33, Democratic Integrative Union 16, Democratic Party of Albanians 7, Party for Democratic Prosperity 2, National Democratic Party 1, Socialist Party of Macedonia 1	unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 74.26 years male: 72.01 years female: 76.68 years (2002 est.)	total population: 81.53 years male: 78.02 years female: 85.34 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)
Location	Southeastern Europe, north of Greece	Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references	Europe	Europe
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	none (landlocked)
Military branches	Army (ARM), Air and Air Defense Forces, Police Force	Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar); note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$200 million (FY01/02 est.)	$700,000 (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	6% (FY01/02 est.)	NA
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 551,523 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 444,575 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	19 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 17,905 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Uprising Day, 2 August (1903); note - also known as Saint Elijah's Day and Ilinden	Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Nationality	noun: Macedonian(s) adjective: Macedonian	noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards	high seismic risks	NA
Natural resources	chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber, arable land	building stone
Net migration rate	-1.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	10.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	10 km	-
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic Integrative Union [leader NA]; Democratic Party of Albanians or DPA [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Ljubcho GEORGIEVSKI, president]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Reform Option or VMRO-VMRO [Boris STOJMANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Risto GUSTERVO]; Liberal Party [leader NA]; National Democratic Party or MPDK [Kastriot HAXHISEXHA]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PDP [Imeri IMERI, president]; Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM (former Communist Party) [Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together for Macedonia coalition (including the Social Democrats) [leader NA]; Union of Romanies of Macedonia or SRM [leader NA]	Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	2,054,800 note: a Framework Agreement ratified by Macedonia on 16 November 2001 calls for a new census in 2002 (July 2002 est.)	28,503 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	24% (2001 est.)	NA
Population growth rate	0.41% (2002 est.)	1.33% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	none
Radio broadcast stations	AM 29, FM 20, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	410,000 (1997)	-
Railways	total: 699 km standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km electrified) note: a 56-km extension of the Kumanovo-Beljakovce line to the Bulgarian border at Gyueshevo is under construction (2001)	-
Religions	Macedonian Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%	Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: NA	general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use	408,000 (1997)	20,600 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	12,362 (1997)	16,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	31 (plus 166 repeaters) (1995)	1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain	mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River	rugged mountains
Total fertility rate	1.77 children born/woman (2002 est.)	1.32 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	35% (2002 est.)	2.6% (2001)
Waterways	note: lake transport only, on the Greek and Albanian borders	-

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